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Oral candidiasis (Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis), which is also known as oral thrush, among other names, [1] is candidiasis that occurs in the mouth. That is, oral candidiasis is a mycosis (yeast/fungal infection) of Candida species on the mucous membranes of the mouth.
Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any species of the genus Candida (a yeast). [4] When it affects the mouth, in some countries it is commonly called thrush. [3] Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat. [3]
Antibiotics promote yeast (fungal) infections, including gastrointestinal (GI) Candida overgrowth and penetration of the GI mucosa. [9] While women are more susceptible to genital yeast infections, men can also be infected. Certain factors, such as prolonged antibiotic use, increase the risk for both men and women.
Amphotericin B deoxycholate is the most common treatment antifungal agent used to treat Candida infections. [4] Topical antifungal agents are commonly taken in 3 forms: oral suspension, ointment and powder. [4] Oral suspension is mainly used to treat thrush whereas ointment is directly applied onto the infected section. [4]
Before oral antifungal therapies are used to treat nail disease, a confirmation of the fungal infection should be made. [36] Approximately half of suspected cases of fungal infection in nails have a non-fungal cause. [36] The side effects of oral treatment are significant and people without an infection should not take these drugs. [36]
Nystatin, sold under the brand name Mycostatin among others, is an antifungal medication. [1] It is used to treat Candida infections of the skin including diaper rash, thrush, esophageal candidiasis, and vaginal yeast infections. [1]
Clotrimazole, sold under the brand name Lotrimin, among others, is an antifungal medication. [2] It is used to treat vaginal yeast infections, oral thrush, diaper rash, tinea versicolor, and types of ringworm including athlete's foot and jock itch. [2]
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (aka Essential Medicines List for Children [1] or EMLc [1]), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe in children up to twelve years of age to meet the most important needs in a health system.