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Jyotirao Phule (1827–1890) vehemently criticised any explanations that the caste system was natural and ordained by the Creator in Hindu texts. If Brahma wanted castes, argued Phule, he would have ordained the same for other creatures. There are no castes in species of animals or birds, so why should there be one among human animals.
The denominations of Hinduism, states Julius J. Lipner, are unlike those found in major religions of the world, because Hindu denominations are fuzzy with individuals revering gods and goddesses polycentrically, with many Shaiva and Vaishnava adherents recognizing Sri (Lakshmi), Parvati, Saraswati and other aspects of the goddess Devi ...
Varna (Sanskrit: वर्ण, romanized: varṇa, Hindi pronunciation: ['ʋəɾɳə]), in the context of Hinduism, [1] refers to a social class within a hierarchical traditional Hindu society. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The ideology of varna is epitomized in texts like Manusmriti , [ 1 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] which describes and ranks four varnas, and prescribes their ...
Hinduism (/ ˈ h ɪ n d u ˌ ɪ z əm /) [1] is an umbrella term [2] [3] [a] for a range of Indian religious and spiritual traditions (sampradayas) [4] [note 1] that are unified by adherence to the concept of dharma, a cosmic order maintained by its followers through rituals and righteous living, [5] [6] [7] [b] as first expounded in the Vedas.
Balinese caste structure has been described as being based either on three categories—the noble triwangsa (thrice born), the middle class of dwijāti (twice born), and the lower class of ekajāti (once born), much similar to the traditional Indian BKVS social stratification — or on four castes [41] Brahminas – priest; Satrias – knighthood
Main menu. Main menu. move to sidebar hide. ... Bengali Hindu castes (24 P) Brahmins (5 C, 28 P) ... Pages in category "Indian castes"
[3] [4] Some sources translate it into English as a caste, [4] or as a social class. Theoretically, Shudras constituted a class like workers. [2] [5] [6] According to Richard Gombrich's study of Buddhist texts, particularly relating to castes in Sri Lankan Buddhist and Tamil Hindu society,
Rajput (from Sanskrit raja-putra 'son of a king') is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent.