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Moctezuma Xocoyotzin [N.B. 1] (c. 1466 – 29 June 1520), retroactively referred to in European sources as Moctezuma II, [N.B. 2] was the ninth emperor of the Aztec Empire (also known as the Mexica Empire), [1] reigning from 1502 or 1503 to 1520.
Moctezuma's headdress is a historical artifact that has been long disputed in terms of origin, patron, and function. The object's function was perhaps featherwork headdress or military device. In the Nahuatl languages, it is known as a quetzalāpanecayōtl ( ketsalaːpaneˈkajoːtɬ ). [ 1 ]
According to Templo Mayor archaeologist Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, there are two types of Aztec sculptures bearing the sun on top: Calendar Stones, and stones bearing carved scenes of military conquest around the edges. [1] The Stone of Motecuhzoma I belongs to this second group, the temalácatl associated with gladiator sacrifice.
Cuauhtemoc's date of birth is unknown, as he does not enter the historical record until he became emperor. [2] He was the eldest legitimate son of Emperor Ahuitzotl [3] and may well have attended the last New Fire ceremony, marking the beginning of a new 52-year cycle in the Aztec calendar. [4]
The coat of arms of the Dukes of Moctezuma de Tultengo (Grandees of Spain), Vicounts of Iluacán, and Marquesses of Tenebrón. It is made of the combined arms authorized by the Kings of Spain to certain lines of descent of Moctzeuma II on different dates. Statue of Emperor Moctezuma II, carved into the Royal Palace of Madrid in Spain.
In here, Moctezuma would meditate on what he was told by professional seers and shamans. It was part of a construction which is thought to have consisted of five interconnected buildings containing the emperor's office, chambers for children and several wives and even a zoo. More excavations are planned. [1] [20]
Moctezuma I (c. 1398 –1469), also known as Montezuma I, Moteuczomatzin Ilhuicamina (Classical Nahuatl: Motēuczōmah Ilhuicamīna [motɛːkʷˈs̻oːmaḁ ilwikaˈmiːna]) or Huehuemoteuczoma (Huēhuemotēuczōmah [weːwemotɛːkʷˈs̻oːmaḁ]), was the second Aztec emperor and fifth king of Tenochtitlan.
Moctezuma I (1398–1469), the second Aztec emperor and fifth king of Tenochtitlan; Moctezuma II (c. 1460–1520), ninth Aztec emperor Pedro Moctezuma, a son of Montezuma II; Isabel Moctezuma (1509/1510–1550/1551), a daughter of Montezuma II Leonor Cortés Moctezuma (c. 1528–?), daughter of Hernán Cortés and Isabel Montezuma