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The Quran was canonized only after Muhammad's death in 632 CE. According to Islamic tradition the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 23/644–35 AH/655 CE) established the canonical Qur'an, reportedly starting the process in 644 CE, [6] and completing the work around 650 CE (the exact date was not recorded by early Arab annalists). [7]
The history of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, is the timeline ranging from the inception of the Quran during the lifetime of Muhammad (believed to have received the Quran through revelation between 610 and 632 CE [1]), to the emergence, transmission, and canonization of its written copies.
A page from the Sanaa manuscript — the oldest Islamic archaeological document to date.. Quranic studies is the academic application of a diverse set of disciplines to study the Quran (including its exegesis and historical reception), drawing on methods including but not limited to ancient history, philology, textual criticism, lexicography, codicology, literary criticism, comparative ...
The first volume, consisting of 1016 pages in French, addresses historical and methodological questions. The second volume provides a translation and running commentary on the Quranic text, [6] while the third is dedicated to the bibliography and sources used. [9] The total length of all three volumes exceeds 3500 pages. [10]
The Geschichte des Qorāns (History of the Quran) is a foundational German work of modern Quranic studies by Theodor Noldeke (1836–1930). Published originally in 1860, the work continued to be revised and expanded by Noldeke's students and successors between 1909 and 1938. [ 1 ]
In his book on Quranic Arabic and the reading traditions (open access in pdf format), Marijn van Putten puts forth a number of arguments such that the qira'at are not purely oral recitations, but also to an extent are readings dependent on the rasm, the ambiguities of which they interpreted in different ways, and that the readings accommodated ...
A possible idiom, Surah Al-Qamar 54:1–2 also mentioned in Imru' al-Qais poems, [226] was understood as the physical disintegration and supported by hadiths [227] despite the Quran itself denies miracles, in the traditional sense. [228] [229] The Quran is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature.
The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary (TSQ) is a 2015 English-language edition of the Quran edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr and published by HarperOne.Fellow Muslims Joseph Lumbard, Caner Dagli and Maria Massi Dakake, prepared the translation, wrote the commentary, and also served as general editors, and Mohammed Rustom contributed as an assistant editor by checking the translation ...