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The word problem for an algebra is then to determine, given two expressions (words) involving the generators and operations, whether they represent the same element of the algebra modulo the identities. The word problems for groups and semigroups can be phrased as word problems for algebras. [1]
The word problem was one of the first examples of an unsolvable problem to be found not in mathematical logic or the theory of algorithms, but in one of the central branches of classical mathematics, algebra. As a result of its unsolvability, several other problems in combinatorial group theory have been shown to be unsolvable as well.
Word problem from the Līlāvatī (12th century), with its English translation and solution. In science education, a word problem is a mathematical exercise (such as in a textbook, worksheet, or exam) where significant background information on the problem is presented in ordinary language rather than in mathematical notation.
Hilbert's tenth problem: the problem of deciding whether a Diophantine equation (multivariable polynomial equation) has a solution in integers. Determining whether a given initial point with rational coordinates is periodic, or whether it lies in the basin of attraction of a given open set, in a piecewise-linear iterated map in two dimensions ...
Many word problems are undecidable based on the Post correspondence problem. Any two homomorphisms, with a common domain and a common codomain form an instance of the Post correspondence problem, which asks whether there exists a word in the domain such that () = (). Post proved that this problem is undecidable; consequently, any word problem ...
Generalizing the setting of the Muller–Schupp theorem, Brough [15] studied groups with poly-context-free word problem, that is where the word problem is the intersection of finitely many context-free languages. Poly-context-free groups include all finitely generated groups commensurable with groups embeddable in a direct product of finitely ...
A man whose wife was on the American Airlines plane that collided with a U.S. Army Black Hawk helicopter in Washington, D.C. has revealed the final text he received from her before the crash.. On ...
Word problem (mathematics education), a type of textbook exercise or exam question to have students apply abstract mathematical concepts to real-world situations; Word problem (mathematics), a decision problem for algebraic identities in mathematics and computer science; Word problem for groups, the problem of recognizing the identity element ...