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The primary cause of skin cancer is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning devices. Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in humans. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma . [ 1 ]
Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma is the second-most common cancer of the skin (after basal-cell carcinoma, but more common than melanoma). It usually occurs in areas exposed to the sun. Sunlight exposure and immunosuppression are risk factors for SCC of the skin, with chronic sun exposure being the strongest environmental risk factor. [26]
Accumulation of these cancer cells causes a microscopic focus of abnormal cells that are, at least initially, locally confined within the specific tissue in which the progenitor cell resided. This condition is called squamous-cell carcinoma in situ , and it is diagnosed when the tumor has not yet penetrated the basement membrane or other ...
Basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), also known as basal-cell cancer, basalioma [7] or rodent ulcer, [8] is the most common type of skin cancer. [2] It often appears as a painless raised area of skin, which may be shiny with small blood vessels running over it. [1] It may also present as a raised area with ulceration. [1]
Superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) is a type of skin cancer that typically starts as an irregularly edged dark spot typically on sun-exposed part of the body. [2] [3] The colour may be variable with dark, light and reddish shades; occasionally no color at all. [2]
This skin cancer tends to grow slowly and isn’t life-threatening for most people, but it needs to be treated before it can grow deep and injure nerves and blood vessels, the AAD noted.
MTS is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome characterized by multiple sebaceous and visceral neoplasms, the most common being colorectal adenocarcinoma. [ 5 ] [ 14 ] MTS results from defects in DNA mismatch repair genes, MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6, leading to a buildup of unstable microsatellite sequences and replication errors predisposing to ...
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer occurring in about three people per million members of the population. [1] It is also known as cutaneous APUDoma, primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, primary small cell carcinoma of the skin, and trabecular carcinoma of the skin. [2]