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Compounds of the type BR n (OR) 3-n are called borinic esters (n = 2), boronic esters (n = 1), and borates (n = 0). Boronic acids are key to the Suzuki reaction. Trimethyl borate, debatably not an organoboron compound, is an intermediate in sodium borohydride production.
Phenylboronic acid or benzeneboronic acid, abbreviated as PhB(OH) 2 where Ph is the phenyl group C 6 H 5 - and B(OH) 2 is a boronic acid containing a phenyl substituent and two hydroxyl groups attached to boron. Phenylboronic acid is a white powder and is commonly used in organic synthesis.
The artificial solution described by Dennis Hoagland in 1933, [1] known as Hoagland solution (0), has been modified several times, mainly to add ferric chelates to keep iron effectively in solution, [6] and to optimize the composition and concentration of other trace elements, some of which are not generally credited with a function in plant nutrition. [7]
The general structure of a boronic acid, where R is a substituent. A boronic acid is an organic compound related to boric acid (B(OH) 3) in which one of the three hydroxyl groups (−OH) is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group (represented by R in the general formula R−B(OH) 2). [1]
[18] [19] The acid-catalysed process is dependent on a reaction between boronic acid and an acid, such as sulfuric acid. On the other hand, the base-catalysed process arises from a pre-equilibrium between boronic acid and hydroxide to form the corresponding boronate, this is usually followed by a rate-limiting reaction between boronate and ...
The mechanism of organotrifluoroborate-based Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions has recently been investigated in detail. The organotrifluoroborate hydrolyses to the corresponding boronic acid in situ, so a boronic acid can be used in place of an organotrifluoroborate, as long as it is added slowly and carefully. [7] [8]
The reaction of boron trichloride with alcohols was reported in 1931, and was used to prepare dimethoxyboron chloride, B(OCH 3) 2 Cl. [3] Egon Wiberg and Wilhelm Ruschmann used it to prepare tetrahydroxydiboron by first introducing the boron–boron bond by reduction with sodium and then hydrolysing the resulting tetramethoxydiboron, B 2 (OCH 3) 4, to produce what they termed sub-boric acid. [4]
It is a sodium salt of the orthoboric acid B(OH) 3. The compound is also called trisodium orthoborate, sodium orthoborate, or just sodium borate. However, "sodium orthoborate" has been used also for a compound with formula Na 4 B 2 O 5, which would correspond to an equimolar mixture of sodium metaborate NaBO 2 and trisodium borate proper.