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The economics of English towns and trade in the Middle Ages is the economic history of English towns and trade from the Norman invasion in 1066, to the death of Henry VII in 1509. Although England's economy was fundamentally agricultural throughout the period, even before the invasion the market economy was important to producers.
The medieval authorities did their best to respond in an organised fashion, but the economic disruption was immense. [164] Building work ceased and many mining operations paused. [165] In the short term, efforts were taken by the authorities to control wages and enforce pre-epidemic working conditions. [166]
The Contentious Alliance: Trade Unions and the Labour Party (1991). online; Musson, A E. Trade Union and Social History (1974). Pelling, Henry. A history of British trade unionism (1987). Pimlott, Ben, and Chris Cook, eds Trade Unions in British Politics: The First 250 Years (2nd ed. 1991), 16 topical essays by experts; Pollard, Sidney.
The All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) was officially founded. With 134 million members it is the largest trade union in the world. However many, such as the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, maintain the position that the ACFTU is not an independent trade union organization.
[2] The trade's liveliest period, 1250–1350, was 'an era when trade in wool had been the backbone and driving force in the English medieval economy'. [3] The wool trade was a major driver of enclosure (the privatisation of common land) in English agriculture, which in turn had major social consequences, as part of the British Agricultural ...
In his best-known book, The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages (1971, with numerous reprints), Lopez argued that the key contribution of the medieval period to European history was the creation of a commercial economy between the 11th and the 14th century, centered at first in the Italo-Byzantine eastern Mediterranean, but eventually ...
England in the Middle Ages concerns the history of England during the medieval period, from the end of the 5th century through to the start of the early modern period in 1485. When England emerged from the collapse of the Roman Empire, the economy was in tatters and many of the towns abandoned. After several centuries of Germanic immigration ...
Middle Ages – periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era . It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic , Medieval and Modern .