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High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life-threatening form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that occurs in otherwise healthy people at altitudes typically above 2,500 meters (8,200 ft). [2] HAPE is a severe presentation of altitude sickness .
At very high altitude, 3,500 to 5,500 metres (11,500 to 18,000 ft), maximum SaO 2 falls below 90% as the arterial PO 2 falls below 60mmHg. Extreme hypoxemia may occur during exercise, during sleep, and in the presence of high altitude pulmonary edema or other acute lung conditions. Severe altitude illness occurs most commonly in this range.
Some causes of pulmonary edema are less well characterized and arguably represent specific instances of the broader classifications above. Arteriovenous malformation; Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) [33] [34] Envenomation, such as with the venom of Atrax robustus [35]
What is high-altitude pulmonary edema? NBC News correspondent Morgan Chesky describes incident that could have led to a cardiac arrest as he was hiking.
People who are predisposed to develop high-altitude pulmonary edema may present a reduction in urine production before respiratory symptoms become apparent. [ 15 ] Humans have survived for two years at 5,950 m (19,520 ft, 475 millibars of atmospheric pressure), which is the highest recorded permanently tolerable altitude; the highest permanent ...
Failure to acclimatize may result in altitude sickness, including high-altitude pulmonary edema or cerebral edema . [11] [12] Humans have survived for 2 years at 5,950 m (19,520 ft) [475 millibars (14.0 inHg; 6.89 psi) of atmospheric pressure], which appears to be near the limit of the permanently tolerable highest altitude. [13]
At very high altitude, from 3,500 to 5,500 metres (11,500 to 18,000 ft) arterial oxygen saturation falls below 90% and arterial P O 2 is reduced to the extent that extreme hypoxemia may occur during exercise and sleep, and if high altitude pulmonary edema occurs. In this range severe altitude illness is common. [2]
High-altitude medical research [ edit ] The most obvious and direct application of high-altitude research is to understand altitude illnesses such as acute mountain sickness , and the rare but rapidly fatal conditions, high-altitude pulmonary edema ( HAPE ) and high-altitude cerebral edema ( HACE ).