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Example one shows how narrative text can be interspersed with testable examples in a docstring. In the second example, more features of doctest are shown, together with their explanation. Example three is set up to run all doctests in a file when the file is run, but when imported as a module, the tests will not be run.
cat can be used to pipe a file to a program that expects plain text or binary data on its input stream. cat does not destroy non-text bytes when concatenating and outputting. As such, its two main use cases are text files and certain format-compatible types of binary files.
For example, the following Perl one-liner will reverse all the bytes in a file: perl -0777e 'print scalar reverse <>' filename While most Perl one-liners are imperative, Perl's support for anonymous functions, closures, map, filter (grep) and fold (List::Util::reduce) allows the creation of 'functional' one-liners.
The following commands are equivalent. They list files in the directory /bin. The program is ls, having three flags (l, t, r), and the argument is the directory /bin: ls -l -t -r /bin ls -ltr /bin The following command displays the contents of the files ch1.txt and ch2.txt. The program name is cat, having two file name arguments: cat ch1.txt ...
For example, in Python, to print the string Hello, World! followed by a newline, one only needs to write print ("Hello, World!" In contrast, the equivalent code in C++ [ 7 ] requires the import of the input/output (I/O) software library , the manual declaration of an entry point , and the explicit instruction that the output string should be ...
In computing, a here document (here-document, here-text, heredoc, hereis, here-string or here-script) is a file literal or input stream literal: it is a section of a source code file that is treated as if it were a separate file.
Thankfully, the owner of the cat was able to pry the snake off her pet but not before the frightened cat ran into the house with the snake still attached and the owner screaming. Just watch this ...
In the above example, the find utility feeds the input of xargs with a long list of file names. xargs then splits this list into sublists and calls rm once for every sublist. Some implementations of xargs can also be used to parallelize operations with the -P maxprocs argument to specify how many parallel processes should be used to execute the ...