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Coptic literature is the body of writings in the Coptic language of Egypt, the last stage of the indigenous Egyptian language. It is written in the Coptic alphabet . The study of the Coptic language and literature is called Coptology .
The Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit, also known as the Coptic Gospel of the Egyptians, [1] [2] is a Sethian Gnostic text found in Codices III and IV of the Nag Hammadi library. The text describes the origin of three powers: the Father, the Mother, and the Son, who came forth from the great invisible Spirit.
[4] [9] Written in Sahidic Coptic, it is believed to be written by a single scribe, and like other pieces of the Bodmer papyri, is part of a singular library containing a combination of Classical literature, Apocrypha, Biblical canon, math, and personal correspondences of the local monastery, the Pachomian Order. [1] [3] [4]
The bulk of the text is commonly dated anywhere between the middle of the 2nd century to the beginning of the 4th century. [12] The text is clearly influenced by Christian thinking, with references to Christian manuscripts such as Revelation that could have only become available past the middle of the 2nd century, yet the earliest known Coptic fragments date back to the beginning of the 4th ...
The Coptic language, the last form of the Egyptian language, continued to be spoken by most Egyptians well after the Arab conquest of Egypt in AD 642, but it gradually lost ground to Arabic. Coptic began to die out in the twelfth century, and thereafter it survived mainly as the liturgical language of the Coptic Church. [15]
Codex Tchacos is an ancient Egyptian Coptic codex from approximately 300 AD, which contains early Christian gnostic texts: the Letter of Peter to Philip, the First Apocalypse of James, the Gospel of Judas, and a fragment of The Temptation of Allogenes (a different text from the previously known Nag Hammadi Library text Allogenes).
The Coptic (Sahidic) version of certain Books of the Old Testament: from a papyrus in the British Museum (1908) Franz-Jürgen Schmitz, Gerd Mink, Liste der koptischen Handschriften des neuen Testaments, Walter de Gruyter, 1991, vol. 1, part 2, (pp. 1279) ISBN 3-11-013015-7, ISBN 978-3-11-013015-7; Assorted Images of Coptic Manuscripts
The phonological system of Later Egyptian is also better known than that of the Classical phase of the language because of a greater number of sources indicating Egyptian sounds, including cuneiform letters containing transcriptions of Egyptian words and phrases, and Egyptian renderings of Northwest Semitic names. Coptic sounds, in addition ...