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A full-scale invasion by Batu Khan followed, with most of Kievan Rus' overran in 1237–1238. [3] The Mongols captured Kiev in 1240 and moved west into Hungary and Poland. [3] The invasion was ended by the Mongol succession process upon the death of Ögedei Khan.
The Mongol invasions of Russia and Eastern Europe occurred first with a brief sortie in 1223 CE and then again in a much larger campaign between 1237 CE and 1242 CE.
The Mongol invasion of Rus' was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River in 1223 between Subutai's reconnaissance unit and the combined force of several Rus' princes. After 15 years of peace, it was followed by Batu Khan's full-scale invasion during 1237 to 1240.
The siege of Ryazan happened in Ryazan on December 1237 during the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'. Ryazan was capital of the Principality of Ryazan, and was the first Kievan Rus' city to be besieged by the Mongol invaders under Batu Khan.
The main force, headed by Jochi 's sons, and their cousins, Möngke Khan and Güyük Khan, arrived at Ryazan in December 1237. Ryazan refused to surrender, and the Mongols sacked it and then stormed Suzdalia. Many Rus' armies were defeated; Grand Prince Yuri was killed on the Sit River (March 4, 1238).
According to the historian Vadim Kargalov (1932-2009), the fighting in 1237 was undertaken to create a springboard for a campaign against Rus'. By the end of the year, a huge Mongol army and detachments allied with Batu stood on the borders of Russia.
In 1237, Mongol invaders attacked the town of Suzdal. They plundered the Church of the Holy Virgin and burned down the prince's court and burned down the Monastery of St Dmitrii, and the others they plundered.