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In optimal control, the situation is more complicated because of the possibility of a singular solution.The generalized Legendre–Clebsch condition, [1] also known as convexity, [2] is a sufficient condition for local optimality such that when the linear sensitivity of the Hamiltonian to changes in u is zero, i.e.,
If the domain is just the real line, then () is just the second derivative ″ (), so the condition becomes ″ (). If m = 0 {\displaystyle m=0} then this means the Hessian is positive semidefinite (or if the domain is the real line, it means that f ″ ( x ) ≥ 0 {\displaystyle f''(x)\geq 0} ), which implies the function is convex, and ...
Equivalently, the second-order conditions that are sufficient for a local minimum or maximum can be expressed in terms of the sequence of principal (upper-leftmost) minors (determinants of sub-matrices) of the Hessian; these conditions are a special case of those given in the next section for bordered Hessians for constrained optimization—the ...
At the remaining critical point (0, 0) the second derivative test is insufficient, and one must use higher order tests or other tools to determine the behavior of the function at this point. (In fact, one can show that f takes both positive and negative values in small neighborhoods around (0, 0) and so this point is a saddle point of f.)
A sufficient condition for satisfaction of the second-order conditions for a minimum is that have full column rank, in which case is positive definite. Derivation without calculus [ edit ]
In other words, the matrix of the second-order partial derivatives, known as the Hessian matrix, is a symmetric matrix. Sufficient conditions for the symmetry to hold are given by Schwarz's theorem, also called Clairaut's theorem or Young's theorem. [1] [2]
The international world order will change from a) the existing tattered remains of the post-World War II system that was created by the U.S. and its allies, in which there are/were generally ...
In some cases, the necessary conditions are also sufficient for optimality. In general, the necessary conditions are not sufficient for optimality and additional information is required, such as the Second Order Sufficient Conditions (SOSC). For smooth functions, SOSC involve the second derivatives, which explains its name.