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The largest Antarctic ozone hole recorded (September 2006) 2012 retrospective video by NASA on the Montreal Protocol The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer [2] is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
The Montreal Protocol was originally created to preserve and restore the ozone layer; participating countries agreed to phase out chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), gases that had been causing ozone depletion. HFCs do not contain chlorine, so they do not cause ozone depletion, and therefore have been replacing CFCs under the Protocol. [4]
The Vienna Convention provided the framework necessary to create regulatory measures in the form of the Montreal Protocol. [ 5 ] In terms of universality, it is one of the most successful treaties of all time, having been ratified by 198 states (all United Nations members as well as the Holy See , the State of Palestine , Niue and the Cook ...
This is a list of international environmental agreements. Most of the following agreements are legally binding for countries that have formally ratified them. Some, such as the Kyoto Protocol , differentiate between types of countries and each nation's respective responsibilities under the agreement.
On 24 February 1988 in Montreal, the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports serving International Civil Aviation was signed as a supplement to the convention. The Protocol makes it an offence to commit similarly violent, dangerous, or damaging acts in airports that serve civil aviation.
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Stephen Oliver Andersen (born 17 January 1948) is the Director of Research at the Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development (IGSD) [1] and former co-chair (1989–2012) [2] of the Montreal Protocol Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) where he also chaired and co-chaired Technical Options Committees, Task Forces and Special Reports.
Ambassador Richard Benedick has played a major role in global environmental affairs as chief U.S. negotiator and a principal architect of the historic Montreal Protocol on protection of the ozone layer, [11] [12] and as Special Advisor to Secretaries-General of both the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro, 1992) and the International Conference on ...