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In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor(x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the least integer greater than or equal to x, denoted ⌈x⌉ or ceil(x). [1]
An identity, such as (+) = + +, means that if x is replaced with any number, then the two expressions take the same value. This may also be interpreted as saying that the two sides of the equals sign represent the same function (equality of functions), or that the two expressions denote the same polynomial (equality of polynomials).
The first use of an equals sign, equivalent to 14x + 15 = 71 in modern notation. From The Whetstone of Witte by Robert Recorde of Wales (1557). [1]In mathematics, an equation is a mathematical formula that expresses the equality of two expressions, by connecting them with the equals sign =.
What appears to the modern reader as the representing function's logical inversion, i.e. the representing function is 0 when the function R is "true" or satisfied", plays a useful role in Kleene's definition of the logical functions OR, AND, and IMPLY, [2]: 228 the bounded-[2]: 228 and unbounded-[2]: 279 ff mu operators and the CASE function.
For example, saying "the absolute value is denoted by | · |" is perhaps clearer than saying that it is denoted as | |. ± (plus–minus sign) 1. Denotes either a plus sign or a minus sign. 2. Denotes the range of values that a measured quantity may have; for example, 10 ± 2 denotes an unknown value that lies between 8 and 12.
In mathematics, a norm is a function from a real or complex vector space to the non-negative real numbers that behaves in certain ways like the distance from the origin: it commutes with scaling, obeys a form of the triangle inequality, and is zero only at the origin.
For example, to test if an integer is odd, one might be inclined to test if the remainder by 2 is equal to 1: bool is_odd ( int n ) { return n % 2 == 1 ; } But in a language where modulo has the sign of the dividend, that is incorrect, because when n (the dividend) is negative and odd, n mod 2 returns −1, and the function returns false.
Visual proof of the Pythagorean identity: for any angle , the point (,) = (, ) lies on the unit circle, which satisfies the equation + =.Thus, + =. In mathematics, an identity is an equality relating one mathematical expression A to another mathematical expression B, such that A and B (which might contain some variables) produce the same value for all values of the variables ...