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Sleep duration has been declining since the early 90s according to research. [13] Evidence also suggests that teen females, ethnic minorities, and those of low socioeconomic status experience the lowest durations. Puberty is thought to contribute to poor sleep during adolescence as teens undergo physical and social maturation. [14]
[citation needed] People who are sleep deprived in general also do not provide their bodies with sufficient time for an adequate immunological memory to form and, thus, can fail to benefit from vaccination. [85] People who sleep less than six hours a night are more susceptible to infection and are more likely to catch a cold or flu.
The number of hours of sleep children and teens should get depends on age. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends: 10 to 13 hours per night for children under age 6.
Additionally, lack of sleep causes increased anxiety-like behaviors and impairs the brain's ability to block out unimportant stimuli when performing tasks requiring attention. Disruptions in important brain circuits and the downregulation of proteins necessary for cognitive stability are the causes of these behavioral abnormalities. [ 30 ]
Lack of sleep amplifies anxiety in people who already experience increased levels of worry. [42] A survey of college students in 2018 showed 63% of students felt "overwhelming anxiety." Depression has also been linked to sleeplessness. In a study of 1,000 young adults those with sleep issues were four times more likely to develop depression. [43]
Stress and sleep deprivation can negatively impact daily life. These factors often lead to decreased work performance, increased absenteeism, and a higher risk of illness. People who consistently lack sleep are more susceptible to heart disease, diabetes, and mental health issues such as depression and anxiety.
Jennifer L. Martin, PhD, former president and spokesperson for the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, tells Yahoo Life, "Sleep hygiene is a set of general guidelines that all people should follow ...
Sleep plays a vital role in regulating metabolism and appetite. When sleep deprived, the metabolic system will be out of balance, which will ultimately affect the dietary choices people make. Teens who are sleep deprived crave more carbohydrates. Sleep deprivation is a risk factor for obesity among young adults. [7] [medical citation needed]