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Yellow rain was a 1981 political incident in which the United States Secretary of State Alexander Haig accused the Soviet Union of supplying T-2 mycotoxin to the communist states in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia for use in counterinsurgency warfare. [1]
T-2 mycotoxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin. It is a naturally occurring mold byproduct of Fusarium spp. fungus which is toxic to humans and other animals. The clinical condition it causes is alimentary toxic aleukia and a host of symptoms related to organs as diverse as the skin, airway, and stomach.
1975 and 1981 during the Vietnam War, the Soviet Union was alleged to have provided mycotoxins to the armies of Vietnam and Laos for use against resistance forces in Laos and Cambodia [45] [46] 1979–1989 during the Soviet-Afghan War [47] 1985–1989 Iran–Iraq War, reports of mycotoxin shipments to Iraq (in form of powder and smoke) [48]
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Zearalenone is a white crystalline solid, with molecular formula C 18 H 22 O 5 and 318.364 g/mol molecular weight. It is a resorcyclic acid lactone.It exhibits blue-green fluorescence when excited by long wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light (360 nm) and a more intense green fluorescence when excited with short wavelength UV light (260 nm). [4]
Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans (synonym Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans) is a yeast species purportedly useful in the detoxification of various mycotoxins. It was first isolated from the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. It has been shown to detoxify mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A and zearalenone.