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Bituminous coal, or black coal, is a type of coal containing a tar-like substance called bitumen or asphalt. Its coloration can be black or sometimes dark brown; often there are well-defined bands of bright and dull material within the seams. It is typically hard but friable. Its quality is ranked higher than lignite and sub-bituminous coal ...
Lignite mining, western North Dakota, US (c. 1945). Lignite is brownish-black in color and has a carbon content of 60–70 percent on a dry ash-free basis. However, its inherent moisture content is sometimes as high as 75 percent [1] and its ash content ranges from 6–19 percent, compared with 6–12 percent for bituminous coal. [5]
Coal comes in four main types or ranks: lignite or brown coal, bituminous coal or black coal, anthracite and graphite.Each type of coal has a certain set of physical parameters which are mostly controlled by moisture, volatile content (in terms of aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons) and carbon content.
Refined coal is the product of a coal-upgrading technology that removes moisture and certain pollutants from lower-rank coals such as sub-bituminous and lignite (brown) coals. It is one form of several precombustion treatments and processes for coal that alter coal's characteristics before it is burned.
Bituminite is the main source for low-temperature coal tar, which is used in industry, medicine and construction [citation needed]. The value of bituminite increases with grade. At high grade, i.e. high maturity, bituminite has high hydrogen to carbon content [citation needed]. A high hydrogen/carbon ratio bituminite indicates a good ...
Coal-upgrading technology refers to a class of technologies developed to remove moisture, and certain pollutants from low rank coals such as sub-bituminous coal and lignite and raise their calorific values. Companies in Australia, Germany, and the United States are the principal drivers of this research, development, and commercialization.
Lignite or brown coal is even worse with a heat of combustion of only 15 MJ/kg, owing to the presence of non-combustible impurities. Bituminous coal has a value lower than anthracite, but neither lignite nor bituminous coal are smokeless owing to their volatiles content.
An American rancher holding a lump of sub-bituminous coal. Sub-bituminous coal is a lower grade of coal that contains 35–45% carbon. The properties of this type are between those of lignite, the lowest grade of coal, and those of bituminous coal, the second-highest grade of coal. [1] Sub-bituminous coal is primarily used as a fuel for steam ...
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