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The Blockade of Germany, or the Blockade of Europe, occurred from 1914 to 1919. The prolonged naval blockade was conducted by the Allies during and after World War I [ 1 ] in an effort to restrict the maritime supply of goods to the Central Powers , which included Germany , Austria-Hungary , and the Ottoman Empire .
Naval warfare in World War I was mainly characterised by blockade. The Allied powers, with their larger fleets and surrounding position, largely succeeded in their blockade of Germany and the other Central Powers, whilst the efforts of the Central Powers to break that blockade, or to establish an effective counter blockade with submarines and commerce raiders, were eventually unsuccessful.
Blockade of Germany may refer to: Blockade of Germany (1914–1919) during World War I; Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) during World War II
The U-boat campaign from 1914 to 1918 was the World War I naval campaign fought by German U-boats against the trade routes of the Allies, largely in the seas around the British Isles and in the Mediterranean, as part of a mutual blockade between the German Empire and the United Kingdom.
"The Food Supply of Germany During the War," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (1920) 83#2 pp. 225–254 in JSTOR; Tobin, Elizabeth H. "War and the Working Class: The Case of Düsseldorf 1914–1918," Central European History (1985) 18#3 pp 4+ Vincent, Charles Paul. The Politics of Hunger: The Allied Blockade of Germany, 1915–1919 (1985)
Britain enforced the blockade, reducing Germany's vital imports to 55%, affecting the ability of Germany to fight the war. [ 131 ] [ 132 ] The German fleet would only sortie into the North Sea thrice more, with a raid on 19 August , one in October 1916, and another in April 1918.
A German U-boat from the First World War is likely to have been sunk deliberately rather than being handed to the Allies, according to a 3D map produced by researchers.
Germany retained civil and criminal jurisdiction except for offenses against occupation troops, which were subject to Allied military jurisdiction. Civil administration also remained in German hands, except where the IARHC deemed it otherwise necessary for the needs of the occupation. Germany was to bear the costs of the occupation.