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In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the "sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution". [1] [2] The solid formed is called the precipitate. [3] In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the precipitant. [4]
Golden rain demonstration is made by combining two colorless solutions, potassium iodide solution and Lead(II) nitrate solution at room temperature to form yellow precipitate. During the chemical reaction, golden particles gently drop from the top of Erlenmeyer flask to the bottom, similar to watching the rain through a window.
Hantz reactions are a class of pattern-forming precipitation reactions in gels implementing a reaction–diffusion system. The precipitation patterns are forming as a reaction of two electrolytes : a highly concentrated "outer" one diffuses into a hydrogel , while the "inner" one is dissolved in the gel itself.
Liesegang rings - Silver-chromate precipitate pattern in a layer of gelatine Some Liesegang Rings. Liesegang rings (/ ˈ l iː z ə ɡ ɑː ŋ /) are a phenomenon seen in many, if not most, chemical systems undergoing a precipitation reaction under certain conditions of concentration and in the absence of convection.
If the substance lacks the ability to dissolve in water, the molecules form a precipitate. [3] When writing the equations of precipitation reactions, it is essential to determine the precipitate. To determine the precipitate, one must consult a chart of solubility. Soluble compounds are aqueous, while insoluble compounds are the precipitate.
Peptization is the reverse of flocculation, the aggregation of colloidal particles into precipitate; as such, it is also known as deflocculation. This is particularly important in colloid chemistry or for precipitation reactions in an aqueous solution.
In chemistry, the common-ion effect refers to the decrease in solubility of an ionic precipitate by the addition to the solution of a soluble compound with an ion in common with the precipitate. [1] This behaviour is a consequence of Le Chatelier's principle for the equilibrium reaction of the ionic association / dissociation .
Silver phosphate is formed as a yellow solid precipitate by the reaction between a soluble silver salt, such as silver nitrate, with a soluble orthophosphate. [3] Its solubility product is 8.89×10 −17 mol 4 ·dm −2. [4] [5] The precipitation reaction is analytically significant [6] and can be used in qualitative or quantitative analysis. [7]