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  2. Brown paper bag test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_paper_bag_test

    "The brown paper bag test" is a term in African-American oral history used to describe a colorist discriminatory practice within the African-American community in the 20th century, in which an individual's skin tone is compared to the color of a brown paper bag. The test was used to determine what privileges an individual could have; only those ...

  3. Discrimination based on skin tone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_based_on...

    A variety of specific cutoff tests for skin color emerged; the most famous one was the brown paper bag test. [81] If people's skins were darker than the color of a brown paper bag, they were considered "too dark". While the origin of this test is unclear, it is best attested to in 20th-century black culture.

  4. Paper bag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_bag

    The "Brown Paper Bag Test" formed part of a colorist discriminatory practice in African-American history, in which an individual's skin tone [37] was compared to the color of a brown paper bag. [38] Paper bags are occasionally worn over the head as symbol of embarrassment, [39] for example, the Canadian comedian The Unknown Comic.

  5. Margaret E. Knight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_E._Knight

    Margaret E. Knight was born in York, Maine on February 14, 1838, to Hannah Teal and James Knight. [4] As a little girl, “Mattie,” as her parents and friends nicknamed her, preferred to play with woodworking tools instead of dolls, stating that “the only things [she] wanted were a jack knife, a gimlet, and pieces of wood.” [5] She was known as a child for her kites and sleds.

  6. Brown Paper Bag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Paper_Bag

    Brown Paper Bag Test, a term in African-American oral history; See also. Paper bag (disambiguation) This page was last edited on 9 July 2024, at 20:43 (UTC). Text is ...

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  8. Pencil test (South Africa) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencil_test_(South_Africa)

    In the pencil test, a pencil is pushed through the person's hair. How easily it comes out determines whether the person has "passed" or "failed" the test. This test was used to determine racial identity in South Africa during the apartheid era, distinguishing whites from coloureds and blacks. The test was partially responsible for splitting ...

  9. William B. Purvis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_B._Purvis

    William B. Purvis (12 August 1838 – 10 August 1914) [1] was an African-American inventor and businessman who received multiple patents in the late 19th-century. His inventions included improvements on paper bags, an updated fountain pen design, improvement to the hand stamp, and a close-conduit electric railway system.