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A characteristic delta wave (above the blue bar), a short PR interval (red bar) of 80 ms, and a long QRS complex (blue bar plus green bar) at 120 ms are visible. WPW is commonly diagnosed on the basis of the electrocardiogram in an asymptomatic individual.
This WPW pattern doesn’t typically cause any symptoms and it’s relatively benign. In some cases, however, this pattern can facilitate certain arrhythmias, or basically make certain arrhythmias more severe and potentially even cause sudden cardiac death, in which case it would be called Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
12 lead electrocardiogram of an individual with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome exhibiting 'slurred upstrokes' or 'delta waves' before the QRS complexes. An episode of SVT may present with palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, or losing consciousness (fainting). The electrocardiogram (ECG) would appear as a narrow-complex SVT.
A delta wave is an initial slurred deflection seen in the initial part of an otherwise narrow QRS of a patient at risk for WPW and is an indicator of the presence of an accessory pathway. These beats are a fusion between the conduction down the accessory pathway and the slightly delayed but then-dominant conduction via the AV node.
Pre-excitation syndrome is a heart condition in which part of the cardiac ventricles are activated too early. [1] Pre-excitation is caused by an abnormal electrical connection or accessory pathway between or within the cardiac chambers. Pre-excitation may not cause any symptoms but may lead to palpitations caused by abnormal heart rhythms.
[1]. [citation needed] LGL can be distinguished from Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome syndrome because the delta waves seen in WPW syndrome are not seen in LGL syndrome. The QRS complex is often normal but can also be narrow in LGL syndrome, as opposed to WPW, because ventricular conduction is via the His-Purkinje system.
Brainwave entrainment, also referred to as brainwave synchronization or neural entrainment, refers to the observation that brainwaves (large-scale electrical oscillations in the brain) will naturally synchronize to the rhythm of periodic external stimuli, such as flickering lights, [1] speech, [2] music, [3] or tactile stimuli.
Sharp waves and ripples (SWRs) are oscillatory patterns produced by extremely synchronised activity of neurons in the mammalian hippocampus and neighbouring regions which occur spontaneously in idle waking states or during NREM sleep. [1] They can be observed with a variety of imaging methods, such as EEG.