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WPW pattern, Ventricular pre-excitation with arrhythmia, auriculoventricular accessory pathway syndrome [1] [2] Conduction through the accessory pathway results in a delta wave. A characteristic "delta wave" (arrow) seen in a person with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. Note the short PR interval. Specialty: Cardiology: Symptoms
People with WPW usually have a PR interval less than 120 ms, and a QRS complex greater than 110 ms. Also, the ST segment and T wave, which represent repolarization, will often be directed opposite the QRS complex. This WPW pattern doesn’t typically cause any symptoms and it’s relatively benign.
12 lead electrocardiogram of an individual with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome exhibiting 'slurred upstrokes' or 'delta waves' before the QRS complexes. An episode of SVT may present with palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, or losing consciousness (fainting). The electrocardiogram (ECG) would appear as a narrow-complex SVT.
A delta wave is an initial slurred deflection seen in the initial part of an otherwise narrow QRS of a patient at risk for WPW and is an indicator of the presence of an accessory pathway. These beats are a fusion between the conduction down the accessory pathway and the slightly delayed but then-dominant conduction via the AV node.
Pre-excitation syndrome is a heart condition in which part of the cardiac ventricles are activated too early. [1] Pre-excitation is caused by an abnormal electrical connection or accessory pathway between or within the cardiac chambers. Pre-excitation may not cause any symptoms but may lead to palpitations caused by abnormal heart rhythms.
[1]. [citation needed] LGL can be distinguished from Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome syndrome because the delta waves seen in WPW syndrome are not seen in LGL syndrome. The QRS complex is often normal but can also be narrow in LGL syndrome, as opposed to WPW, because ventricular conduction is via the His-Purkinje system.
A 12-lead ECG of a woman with Ebstein's anomaly: The ECG shows signs of right atrial enlargement, best seen in V1. Other P waves are broad and tall, these are termed "Himalayan" P waves. Also, a right bundle-branch block pattern and a first-degree atrioventricular block (prolonged PR-interval) due to intra-atrial conduction delay are seen.
Sharp waves and ripples (SWRs) are oscillatory patterns produced by extremely synchronised activity of neurons in the mammalian hippocampus and neighbouring regions which occur spontaneously in idle waking states or during NREM sleep. [1] They can be observed with a variety of imaging methods, such as EEG.