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  2. Timsort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort

    Timsort is a stable sorting algorithm (order of elements with same key is kept) and strives to perform balanced merges (a merge thus merges runs of similar sizes). In order to achieve sorting stability, only consecutive runs are merged. Between two non-consecutive runs, there can be an element with the same key inside the runs.

  3. Sorting algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm

    Shuffling can also be implemented by a sorting algorithm, namely by a random sort: assigning a random number to each element of the list and then sorting based on the random numbers. This is generally not done in practice, however, and there is a well-known simple and efficient algorithm for shuffling: the Fisher–Yates shuffle .

  4. Comparison of free and open-source software licenses

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_free_and...

    FOSS stands for "Free and Open Source Software". There is no one universally agreed-upon definition of FOSS software and various groups maintain approved lists of licenses. The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is one such organization keeping a list of open-source licenses. [1] The Free Software Foundation (FSF) maintains a list of what it ...

  5. Selection sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_sort

    A bidirectional variant of selection sort (called double selection sort or sometimes cocktail sort due to its similarity to cocktail shaker sort) finds both the minimum and maximum values in the list in every pass. This requires three comparisons per two items (a pair of elements is compared, then the greater is compared to the maximum and the ...

  6. Quicksort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort

    Recursively sort the "equal to" partition by the next character (key). Given we sort using bytes or words of length W bits, the best case is O(KN) and the worst case O(2 K N) or at least O(N 2) as for standard quicksort, given for unique keys N<2 K, and K is a hidden constant in all standard comparison sort algorithms including

  7. Lease purchase contract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lease_purchase_contract

    A Lease-Purchase Contract, also known as a lease purchase agreement or rent-to-own agreement, allows consumers to obtain durable goods [1] or rent-to-own real estate [2] without entering into a standard credit contract. [1] It is a shortened name for a lease with option to purchase contract.

  8. Partial sorting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_sorting

    A further relaxation requiring only a list of the k smallest elements, but without requiring that these be ordered, makes the problem equivalent to partition-based selection; the original partial sorting problem can be solved by such a selection algorithm to obtain an array where the first k elements are the k smallest, and sorting these, at a total cost of O(n + k log k) operations.

  9. Merge sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_sort

    In computer science, merge sort (also commonly spelled as mergesort and as merge-sort [2]) is an efficient, general-purpose, and comparison-based sorting algorithm.Most implementations produce a stable sort, which means that the relative order of equal elements is the same in the input and output.