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[6] [7] [8] There are almost invariably only two gamete types, all analyses showing that intermediate gamete sizes are eliminated due to selection. [9] [10] Since intermediate sized gametes do not have the same advantages as small or large ones, [11] they do worse than small ones in mobility and numbers, and worse than large ones in supply. [12]
Two single-celled haploid gametes, each containing n unpaired chromosomes, fuse to form a single-celled diploid zygote, which now contains n pairs of chromosomes, i.e. 2n chromosomes in total. [ 17 ] The single-celled diploid zygote germinates, dividing by the normal process ( mitosis ), which maintains the number of chromosomes at 2 n .
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Roman numerals: for example the word "six" in the clue might be used to indicate the letters VI The name of a chemical element may be used to signify its symbol; e.g., W for tungsten The days of the week; e.g., TH for Thursday
A gonad, sex gland, or reproductive gland [1] is a mixed gland and sex organ that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism. Female reproductive cells are egg cells, and male reproductive cells are sperm. [2] The male gonad, the testicle, produces sperm in the form of spermatozoa. The female gonad, the ovary, produces egg cells.
Gametogenesis is the formation or production of gametes (taking place during meiosis). The development and maturation of sex cells also takes place during meiosis. Gametogenesis is also the process of formation in male and female gametes that occur in the gonads (ovary and testis). Both male and female produce gametes.
Chiasmata play a crucial role in correctly segregating the chromosomes during meiosis I to maintain correct ploidy; when chiasmata fail to form, it typically results in aneuploidy and nonviable gametes. [2] However, some species have been found to employ alternative methods to segregate chromosomes. [5]
Note 1] Some isogamous species have more than two mating types, but the number is usually lower than ten. In some extremely rare cases, such as in some basidiomycete species, a species can have thousands of mating types. [7] Under the strict definition of isogamy, fertilization occurs when two gametes fuse to form a zygote. [8]