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Lolium perenne, common name perennial ryegrass, [1] English ryegrass, winter ryegrass, or ray grass, is a grass from the family Poaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world. Lolium perenne, showing ligule and ribbed leaf
Perennial ryegrass staggers is poisoning by peramine, lolitrem B, and other toxins that are contained in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and produced by the endophyte fungus Epichloë festucae which can be present in all parts of the grass plant, but tends to be concentrated in the lower part of the leaf sheaths, the flower stalks and seeds.
Lolium multiflorum (Italian rye-grass, [2] annual ryegrass) is a ryegrass native to temperate Europe, though its precise native range is unknown. [3] It is a herbaceous annual, biennial, or perennial grass that is grown for silage, and as a cover crop. [4] [5] It is also grown as an ornamental grass.
Ryegrasses are also used in soil erosion control programs. It is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year. There is a large range of cultivars. The primary species found worldwide and used both for lawns and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne).
There are various cultivars of St. Augustine grass, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue on the market that have variable resistance to gray leaf spot but none are confirmed as completely resistant. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 1 ] Cultural practices to reduce stress are the next step for gray leaf spot prevention and control.
Pythium disease, also known as "Pythium blight," "cottony blight," or "grease spot," is a highly destructive turfgrass disease caused by several different Pythium species. All naturally cultivated cool-season turfgrasses are susceptible to Pythium and if conditions are favorable to Pythium it can destroy a whole turfgrass stand in a few days or less. [1]
Typhula blight is a major problem with cool season turfgrasses during winter months. These grasses include bentgrass, annual bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, fine fescue, and kentucky bluegrass. [1] Typhula blight is also commonly referred to as gray snow mold due to the gray colored patches found after snow has melted.
Thus, in cool-season grasses such as tall fescue and perennial ryegrass, the disease is most severe under high temperatures (highs above 85 °F (29 °C), lows above 60 °F (16 °C)). Conversely, in warm-season grasses such as zoysia, Brown ring patch is most severe in humid weather with moderate temperatures (45–70 °F or 7–21 °C). [ 8 ]
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