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The National Cyber and Crypto Agency originates from two preceding agencies, the National Crypto Agency (Lembaga Sandi Negara, lit. ' State Signal Agency ', abbreviated as Lemsaneg) and the Cyber Information Defense and Security Desk (Desk Ketahanan dan Keamanan Informasi Cyber Nasional, abbreviated as DK2ICN).
In the first six months of 2017, two billion data records were stolen or impacted by cyber attacks, and ransomware payments reached US$2 billion, double that in 2016. [7] In 2020, with the increase of remote work as an effect of the COVID-19 global pandemic, cybersecurity statistics reveal a huge increase in hacked and breached data. [ 8 ]
A cyberattack is any type of offensive maneuver employed by individuals or whole organizations that targets computer information systems, infrastructures, computer networks, and/or personal computer devices by various means of malicious acts usually originating from an anonymous source that either steals, alters, or destroys a specified target by hacking into a susceptible system.
The 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia were a series of cyberattacks that began on 27 April 2007 and targeted websites of Estonian organizations, including Estonian parliament, banks, ministries, newspapers, and broadcasters, amid the country's disagreement with Russia about the relocation of the Bronze Soldier of Tallinn, an elaborate Soviet-era grave marker, as well as war graves in Tallinn.
In the area of computer security, cyber attribution is an attribution of cybercrime, i.e., finding who perpetrated a cyberattack. Uncovering a perpetrator may give insights into various security issues, such as infiltration methods, communication channels, etc., and may help in enacting specific countermeasures.
The focus of the original Tallinn Manual is on the most disruptive and destructive cyber operations—those that qualify as ‘armed attacks’ and therefore allowing states to respond in self-defense—and those taking place during armed conflict. Since the threat of cyber operations with such consequences is especially alarming to states ...
[1] [2] [3] Hacks looking for specific information may only attack users coming from a specific IP address. This also makes the hacks harder to detect and research. [4] The name is derived from predators in the natural world, who wait for an opportunity to attack their prey near watering holes. [5]
There is ongoing debate over how cyberwarfare should be defined and no absolute definition is widely agreed upon. [9] [12] While the majority of scholars, militaries, and governments use definitions that refer to state and state-sponsored actors, [9] [13] [14] other definitions may include non-state actors, such as terrorist groups, companies, political or ideological extremist groups ...