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5. A chord of a circle is a line segment connecting two points on the circle; the intersection graph of a collection of chords is called a circle graph. chromatic Having to do with coloring; see color. Chromatic graph theory is the theory of graph coloring. The chromatic number χ(G) is the minimum number of colors needed in a proper coloring of G.
The normal form (also called the Hesse normal form, [10] after the German mathematician Ludwig Otto Hesse), is based on the normal segment for a given line, which is defined to be the line segment drawn from the origin perpendicular to the line. This segment joins the origin with the closest point on the line to the origin.
After this step, each ray that forms an edge of the arrangement extends either upward or downward from its endpoint; it cannot be horizontal. There are downward rays, one per line, and these rays separate + cells of the arrangement that are unbounded in the downward direction. The remaining cells all have a unique bottommost vertex (again ...
Common lines and line segments on a circle, including a secant. A straight line can intersect a circle at zero, one, or two points. A line with intersections at two points is called a secant line, at one point a tangent line and at no points an exterior line. A chord is the line segment that joins two distinct points of a circle. A chord is ...
The abbreviation notation is slightly different from one light list to another, with dots added or removed, but it usually follows a pattern similar to the following (see the chart to the right for examples). An abbreviation of the type of light, e.g. "Fl." for flashing, "F." for fixed.
The above definition of a subtended plane angle remains valid in three-dimensional space (3D), as one vertex and two endpoints (assumed non-collinear) define an Euclidean plane in 3D. For example, an arc of a great circle on a sphere subtends a central plane angle, formed by the two radii between the center of the sphere and each of the two arc ...
A chord (from the Latin chorda, meaning "bowstring") of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc. If a chord were to be extended infinitely on both directions into a line, the object is a secant line. The perpendicular line passing through the chord's midpoint is called sagitta (Latin for "arrow").
In particular it is important to assure that for two given line segments, a new line segment can be constructed, such that its length equals the product of lengths of the other two. Similarly one needs to be able to construct, for a line segment of length , a new line segment of length . The intercept theorem can be used to show that for both ...