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  2. Water chlorination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_chlorination

    Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water. This method is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other microbes in water. This method is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other microbes in water.

  3. CT Value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CT_Value

    CT Values are an important part of calculating disinfectant dosage for the chlorination of drinking water. A CT value is the product of the concentration of a disinfectant (e.g. free chlorine) and the contact time with the water being disinfected. It is typically expressed in units of mg-min/L.

  4. Chlorine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine

    Evaporation under reduced pressure allows it to be concentrated further to about 40%, but then it decomposes to perchloric acid, chlorine, oxygen, water, and chlorine dioxide. Its most important salt is sodium chlorate, mostly used to make chlorine dioxide to bleach paper pulp. The decomposition of chlorate to chloride and oxygen is a common ...

  5. Water treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment

    Dalecarlia Water Treatment Plant, Washington, D.C. Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.

  6. Disinfection by-product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfection_by-product

    In addition to being highly influenced by the types of organic and inorganic matter in the source water, the different species and concentrations of DBPs vary according to the type of disinfectant used, the dose of disinfectant, the concentration of natural organic matter and bromide/iodide, the time since dosing (i.e. water age), temperature ...

  7. Biological roles of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_roles_of_the...

    chlorine: 17: 5a: Chlorine salts are critical for many species, including humans. [11] Its ion is used as an electrolyte, as well as making the hydrochloric acid the stomach uses for digestion. [36] Excessive blood chlorides (hyperchloemia) are a symptom of several diseases; but the condition itself does not have symptoms. [37] Elemental Cl 2 ...

  8. Chloramination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloramination

    Chloramination is the treatment of drinking water with a chloramine disinfectant. [1] Both chlorine and small amounts of ammonia are added to the water one at a time which react together to form chloramine (also called combined chlorine), a long lasting disinfectant. Chloramine disinfection is used in both small and large water treatment plants.

  9. Roles of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roles_of_chemical_elements

    Biology: one of the most common elements in living organisms: Metallurgy: smelting of iron ore into steel Chemical industry: ethylene + O 2 —> ethylene oxide —> ethylene glycol —> many products Medicine Water treatment 9: F: Fluorine 2: 17: Various industries: fluorocarbons and derivatives as refrigerants and as anaesthetics