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For skin color, heritability is very high, even though it can be modified by exposure to sunlight. A recent systematic study found 169 genes involved in human skin coloration. Most of the genes were involved in melanosome biogenesis, endosomal transport, and gene regulation.
In humans, melanin is the primary determinant of skin color. It is also found in hair, the pigmented tissue underlying the iris of the eye, and the stria vascularis of the inner ear. In the brain, tissues with melanin include the medulla and pigment-bearing neurons within areas of the brainstem, such as the locus coeruleus.
The human skin is the ... About 70% of all human protein-coding genes are expressed in the skin. ... since many medical signs show through the skin. Skin color ...
Richard Sturm and David Duffy describe 11 genes that affect skin pigmentation and explain most variations in human skin color, the most significant of which are MC1R, ASIP, OCA2, and TYR. [46] There is evidence that as many as 16 different genes could be responsible for eye color in humans; however, the main two genes associated with eye color ...
Eumelanin, which is responsible for pigmentation in human skin, protects against ultraviolet radiation while also limiting vitamin D synthesis. [76] Variations in skin color, due to the levels of melanin, are caused by at least 25 different genes, and variations evolved independently of each other to meet different environmental needs. [76]
Light skin is a human skin color that has a low level of eumelanin ... A study from 2015 found that genes contributing to fair skin were nearly fixed in ...
Melanin is a dark pigment primarily responsible for skin color. Once synthesized, melanin is contained in special organelles called melanosomes which can be transported to nearby keratinocytes to induce pigmentation. Thus darker skin tones have more melanosomes present than lighter skin tones.
Dark skin is a type of human skin color that is rich in melanin pigments. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] People with dark skin are often referred to as black people , [ 4 ] although this usage can be ambiguous in some countries where it is also used to specifically refer to different ethnic groups or populations.