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An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. [1] Some occur naturally in blood-eating animals, such as leeches and mosquitoes , which help keep the bite area unclotted long enough for the animal to obtain blood.
Hence, blood-thinning medications can be prescribed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases led by blood clots, such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism. [35] Haemorrhage (internal bleeding) is the most prominent side effect of blood-thinning therapy. [36]
These drugs antagonize the P2Y 12 platelet receptors and therefore prevent the binding of ADP to the P2Y 12 receptor. This leads to a decrease in aggregation of platelets, prohibiting thrombus formation. The P2Y 12 receptor is a surface bound protein found on blood platelets.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [19] Warfarin is available as a generic medication [20] and is sold under many brand names. [1] In 2022, it was the 85th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions. [21] [22]
The following are medications commonly prescribed cardiac pharmaceutical agents. The specificity of the following medications is highly variable, and often are not particularly specific to a given class. As such, they are listed as are commonly accepted.
The risk of bleeding is increased if used at the same time as other blood thinning drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatelet drugs and heparin. [2] The blood thinning effects can be reduced if used at the same time as rifampicin and phenytoin, and increased with fluconazole. [2] [11] Compared to warfarin they have fewer ...
Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. [3] [4] Heparin is a blood anticoagulant that increases the activity of antithrombin. [5] It is used in the treatment of heart attacks and unstable angina. [3] It can be given intravenously or by injection under the skin. [3]
Blood thinners are used to prevent clots, these blood thinners have different effectiveness and safety profiles. A 2018 systematic review found 20 studies that included 9771 people with cancer. The evidence did not identify any difference between the effects of different blood thinners on death, developing a clot, or bleeding. [2]