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Iran, [a] [b] officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) [c] and also known as Persia, [d] is a country in West Asia.It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
Iran functioned again as a leading world power, especially in rivalry with the Ottoman Empire. In the 19th century, Iran lost significant territories in the Caucasus to the Russian Empire following the Russo-Persian Wars. [20] Iran remained a monarchy until the 1979 Iranian Revolution, when it officially became an Islamic republic on 1 April 1979.
The Ilkhanid realm was officially known as the Land of Iran or simply Iran. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] It was established after Hülegü , the son of Tolui and grandson of Genghis Khan , inherited the West Asian and Central Asian part of the Mongol Empire after his brother Möngke Khan died in 1259.
Iran is bound by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south and the Caspian Sea to its north. Shi'a Islam is the official religion, and Persian is the official language. [2] Iran's population is about 83,500,000; [3] and is the 18th largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 square kilometres (636,372 sq mi). Iran is ...
Provinces of Iran by contribution to national GDP in 2014 Provinces of Iran by GDP per capita in 2012. Iran is subdivided into thirty-one provinces (Persian: استان ostân), each governed from a local centre, usually the largest local city, which is called the capital (Persian: مرکز, markaz) of that province.
This is a list of cities in Iran, categorized by province. The census years listed below comes from the Statistical Center of Iran. [1] [2] Since 2006, Iran has conducted a census every five years. Cities in bold indicate provincial, county, or district capitals. Iran is divided into 31 provinces and includes a total of 1,245 cities.
Modern reconstruction of the ancient world map of Eratosthenes from c. 200 BC, using the names Ariana and Persis. The Greeks (who had previously tended to use names related to "Median") began to use adjectives such as Pérsēs (Πέρσης), Persikḗ (Περσική) or Persís (Περσίς) in the fifth century BC to refer to Cyrus the Great's empire (a word understood to mean "country"). [17]
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