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Obesity and diabetes mellitus are linked to cardiovascular disease, [80] as are a history of chronic kidney disease and hypercholesterolaemia. [81] In fact, cardiovascular disease is the most life-threatening of the diabetic complications and diabetics are two- to four-fold more likely to die of cardiovascular-related causes than nondiabetics.
Both overweight and obesity are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, specifically heart disease and stroke, and diabetes. The International Diabetes Federation reports that as of 2011 [ needs update ] , 366 million people have diabetes; this number is projected to increase to over half a billion (estimated 552 million) by 2030.
In 1977 and 1978, Gerald B. Phillips developed the concept that risk factors for myocardial infarction concur to form a "constellation of abnormalities" (i.e., glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension) associated not only with heart disease, but also with aging, obesity and other ...
This pattern may lead to an "triangle"-shaped body or central obesity, and is more common in males than in females. Thus, the android fat distribution of men is about 48.6%, which is 10.3% higher than that of premenopausal women. [2] In other cases, an ovoid shape forms, which does not differentiate between men and women.
In the example of the obesity-cardiovascular disease relationship, the obesity is the collider, the outcome is cardiovascular disease, and the unmeasured variables are environmental and genetic factors – given that obesity and cardiovascular disorders are often associated with each other, medical professionals may be reluctant to consider ...
About 40 years ago, Americans started getting much larger. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, nearly 80 percent of adults and about one-third of children now meet the clinical definition of overweight or obese. More Americans live with “extreme obesity“ than with breast cancer, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and HIV ...
More than twenty-five years ago, WHtR was first suggested as a simple health risk assessment tool because "it is a proxy for harmful central adiposity"; [3] it predicts obesity-related cardiovascular disease. A boundary value of 0.5 was proposed to indicate increased risk.
The drugs cause dramatic weight loss, which made researchers wonder if they might lower heart disease rates, too. ... And while the weight-loss studies did include far more women than men, many of ...