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The Philippine–American War, also known as the Philippine War of Independence or the Philippine Insurrection (1899–1902), [1] was an armed conflict between Filipino revolutionaries and the government of the United States which arose from the struggle of the First Philippine Republic to gain independence following the Philippines being acquired by the United States from Spain.
The Philippine–American War, [13] known alternatively as the Philippine Insurrection, Filipino–American War, [b] or Tagalog Insurgency, [14] [15] [16] emerged following the conclusion of the Spanish–American War in December 1898 when America annexed the Philippine Islands under the Treaty of Paris.
American President Theodore Roosevelt unilaterally declared the insurrection at an end on July 4, 1902. [94] His official issuance, however, was a proclamation of general amnesty for persons who had participated in or supported Philippine insurrections against the U.S., and explicitly excluded parts of the territory "inhabited by Moro tribes". [95]
The Philippine American War or "Philippine Insurrection" has two phases. First phase was the conventional military warfare between two organized armies: The US Forces and the First Philippine Republican Army. This was period was from February to November 1899.
Arqueros' troop consisted of a few Spaniards and more than a thousand native men, mostly collaborators. As Almazán and a few of his men were waiting for the arrival of a large number of supporters from Southern Ilocos, Arqueros and his troops staged a sudden attack and snatched from Almazán the opportunity to fortify his kingdom.
"Diego de Silang, a Filipino, very quick and artful, and who being a native of Manila [ie island of Luzon], spoke the Spanish language well, began to revolutionize this province, by telling his countrymen, that in order to maintain the Catholic faith, and to preserve the country in obedience to the King, it was requisite to join together and arm against the Spaniards, and deliver them up to ...
Since the start of the revolution, the city of Manila, and specifically its walled center Intramuros, was the primary target of El Supremo Andres Bonifacio and his Katipuneros. [citation needed] The takeover of Intramuros had been a logical move for any uprising trying to overthrow the Spanish colonial regime in the Philippines.
The first Philippine Assembly elections were held across the Philippines on July 30, 1907. The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 established a bicameral Philippine Legislature composed of the appointed Philippine Commission as the upper house and the elected Philippine Assembly as the lower house.