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Gray pine cone, pine nuts, and resin. Photographed at Regional Parks Botanic Garden located in Tilden Regional Park near Berkeley, CA. Date: 1 November 2016, 12:36: Source: J20161101-0079—Gray pine cone, pine nuts, and resin—RPBG: Author: John Rusk from Berkeley, CA, United States of America
Unusually for a pine, the cones normally point forward along the branch, sometimes curling around it. That is an easy way to tell it apart from the similar lodgepole pine in more western areas of North America. The cones on many mature trees are serotinous. They open when exposed to intense heat, greater than or equal to 50 °C (122 °F). [16]
Mature Pinus pinea (stone pine); note umbrella-shaped canopy: Pollen cones of Pinus pinea (stone pine) A red pine (Pinus resinosa) with exposed roots: Young spring growth ("candles") on a loblolly pine: Monterey pine bark: Monterey pine cone on forest floor: Whitebark pine in the Sierra Nevada: Hartweg's pine forest in Mexico
Subfamily Pinoideae : cones are biennial, rarely triennial, with each year's scale-growth distinct, forming an umbo on each scale, the cone scale base is broad, concealing the seeds fully from abaxial (below the phloem vessels) view, the seed is without resin vesicles, the seed wing holds the seed in a pair of claws, leaves have primary ...
The female (seed) cones mature in about 20 months from pollination; when mature, they are yellow-brown in color, 15–25 cm (6– 9 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) long, and 5–7 cm (2– 2 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) broad, opening to 12 cm (4 + 3 ⁄ 4 in), and have a small, but sharp, downward-pointing spine on the middle of each scale.
Resin circulates throughout a coniferous tree and a few others, and serves to seal damage to the tree. Harvesting pine resin dates back to Gallo-Roman times in Gascony . Tapping pines may either be done so as to sustain the life of the tree, or exhaustively in the years before the tree is cut down.
Resin canal characteristics (such as number, size and density) in pine species can determine its resistance to pests. In one study, biologists were able to categorize 84% of lodgepole pine, and 92% of limber pines, as being either susceptible or resistant to bark beetles based only on their resin canals and growth rate over 20 years. [3]
Needles and cones. The green pine needles give the twisted branches a bottle-brush appearance. The needles of the tree surround the branch to an extent of about one foot near the tip of the limb. [13] The name bristlecone pine refers to the dark purple female cones that bear incurved prickles on their surface.
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