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It is suggested that exposing the cells to divalent cations in cold condition may change or weaken the cell surface structure, making it more permeable to DNA. The heat-pulse is thought to create a thermal imbalance across the cell membrane, which forces the DNA to enter the cells through either cell pores or the damaged cell wall.
Cre-Lox recombination is a special type of site-specific recombination developed by Dr. Brian Sauer and patented by DuPont that operated in both mitotic and non-mitotic cells, and was initially used in activating gene expression in mammalian cell lines. [3] [4] [5] Subsequently, researchers in the laboratory of Dr. Jamey Marth demonstrated that ...
A cell line derived from the cabbage looper is of particular interest, as it has been developed to grow fast and without the expensive serum normally needed to boost cell growth. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] The shuttle vector is called bacmid, and gene expression is under the control of a strong promoter pPolh. [ 29 ]
In cellular biology, stable cells are cells that multiply only when needed. They spend most of the time in the quiescent G 0 phase of the cell cycle but can be stimulated to enter the cell cycle when needed. Examples include the liver, the proximal tubules of the kidney and endocrine glands.
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CTP and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methylerythritol. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing nucleotide groups (nucleotidyltransferases).
The mutation impairs transcription of the protein, so affected cells produce only 5-10% of the frataxin of healthy cells. [45] This leads to iron accumulation in the mitochondria, and makes cells vulnerable to oxidative damage. Research shows that GAA repeat length is correlated with disease severity. [46]
Top line: A transposon, defined by the mirrored sets of red double arrows (IR/DRs) is shown as contained in another DNA molecule (e.g., a plasmid shown by the blue lines). The transposon in this example harbors an expression cassette consisting of a promoter (blue oval) that can direct transcription of the gene or other DNA sequence labeled ...
Type 3c diabetes (also known as pancreatogenic diabetes) is diabetes that comes secondary to pancreatic diseases, [1] involving the exocrine and digestive functions of the pancreas. It also occurs following surgical removal of the pancreas. Around 5–10% of cases of diabetes in the Western world are related to pancreatic diseases.
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