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The standard procedure for multiplication of two n-digit numbers requires a number of elementary operations proportional to , or () in big-O notation. Andrey Kolmogorov conjectured that the traditional algorithm was asymptotically optimal, meaning that any algorithm for that task would require () elementary operations.
Matrix chain multiplication (or the matrix chain ordering problem [1]) is an optimization problem concerning the most efficient way to multiply a given sequence of matrices. The problem is not actually to perform the multiplications, but merely to decide the sequence of the matrix multiplications involved.
In arbitrary-precision arithmetic, it is common to use long multiplication with the base set to 2 w, where w is the number of bits in a word, for multiplying relatively small numbers. To multiply two numbers with n digits using this method, one needs about n 2 operations.
Graphs of functions commonly used in the analysis of algorithms, showing the number of operations versus input size for each function. The following tables list the computational complexity of various algorithms for common mathematical operations.
The key observation is that multiplying two 2 × 2 matrices can be done with only 7 multiplications, instead of the usual 8 (at the expense of 11 additional addition and subtraction operations). This means that, treating the input n × n matrices as block 2 × 2 matrices, the task of multiplying n × n matrices can be reduced to 7 subproblems ...
Multiplication of two such field elements consists of multiplication of the corresponding polynomials, followed by a reduction with respect to some irreducible polynomial which is taken from the construction of the field. If the polynomials are encoded as binary numbers, carry-less multiplication can be used to perform the first step of this ...
Matrix multiplication completed in 2n-1 steps for two n×n matrices on a cross-wired mesh. There are a variety of algorithms for multiplication on meshes . For multiplication of two n × n on a standard two-dimensional mesh using the 2D Cannon's algorithm , one can complete the multiplication in 3 n -2 steps although this is reduced to half ...
replacing integer multiplication by a constant with a combination of shifts, adds or subtracts; replacing integer division by a constant with a multiplication, taking advantage of the limited range of machine integers. [3] This method also works if divisor is a non-integer sufficiently greater than 1, e.g. √2 or π. [4]