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Cerebrovascular disease includes a variety of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain and the cerebral circulation. Arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the brain are often damaged or deformed in these disorders. [ 2 ]
A late effect can be caused directly by the earlier condition, or indirectly by the treatment for the earlier condition. Some late effects can occur decades later. Historically, late effects have been very difficult to connect with their causes, but as survival and life span have increased and "follow up" has become standard practice, these ...
Cerebral infarction, also known as an ischemic stroke, is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the brain (cerebral infarct). [1] In mid to high income countries, a stroke is the main reason for disability among people and the 2nd cause of death. [2]
Brain ischemia has been linked to a variety of diseases or abnormalities. Individuals with sickle cell anemia, compressed blood vessels, ventricular tachycardia, plaque buildup in the arteries, blood clots, extremely low blood pressure as a result of heart attack, and congenital heart defects have a higher predisposition to brain ischemia in comparison to the average population.
Dementia may occur when neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies are mixed, as in susceptible elderly people (75 years and older). [2] [5] Cognitive decline can be traced back to occurrence of successive strokes. [4] ICD-11 lists vascular dementia as dementia due to cerebrovascular disease. [1]
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes I60-I69 within Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system should be included in this category. Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.
438 Late effects of cerebrovascular disease. 438.0 Cognitive deficits; 438.1 Speech and language deficits. 438.10 Speech and language deficits, unspecified; 438.11 Aphasia; 438.12 Dysphasia; 438.19 Other speech and language deficits; 438.2 Hemiplegia/hemiparesis. 438.20 Hemiplegia affecting unspecified side; 438.21 Hemiplegia affecting dominant ...
The effect of physical training on cognition also may be studied further. The ability to walk independently in their community, indoors or outdoors, is important following stroke. Although no negative effects have been reported, it is unclear if outcomes can improve with these walking programs when compared to usual treatment. [213]