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Code-excited linear prediction (CELP) is a linear predictive speech coding algorithm originally proposed by Manfred R. Schroeder and Bishnu S. Atal in 1985. At the time, it provided significantly better quality than existing low bit-rate algorithms, such as residual-excited linear prediction (RELP) and linear predictive coding (LPC) vocoders (e.g., FS-1015).
A linear encoder is a sensor, transducer or readhead paired with a scale that encodes position. The sensor reads the scale in order to convert the encoded position into an analog or digital signal , which can then be decoded into position by a digital readout (DRO) or motion controller.
Lexicographic code: Order the vectors in V lexicographically (i.e., interpret them as unsigned 24-bit binary integers and take the usual ordering). Starting with w 0 = 0, define w 1, w 2, ..., w 12 by the rule that w n is the smallest integer which differs from all linear combinations of previous elements in at least eight coordinates.
Fig 1 is an example of a SCCC. Fig. 1. SCCC Encoder. The example encoder is composed of a 16-state outer convolutional code and a 2-state inner convolutional code linked by an interleaver. The natural code rate of the configuration shown is 1/4, however, the inner and/or outer codes may be punctured to achieve higher code rates as needed.
Linear predictive coding (LPC) is a method used mostly in audio signal processing and speech processing for representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form, using the information of a linear predictive model.
This code transforms a message consisting of 4 bits into a codeword of 7 bits by adding 3 parity bits. Hence this code is a block code. It turns out that it is also a linear code and that it has distance 3. In the shorthand notation above, this means that the Hamming(7,4) code is a [,,] code.
A convolutional encoder is a finite state machine. An encoder with n binary cells will have 2 n states. Imagine that the encoder (shown on Img.1, above) has '1' in the left memory cell (m 0), and '0' in the right one (m −1). (m 1 is not really a memory cell because it represents a current value). We will designate such a state as "10".
The codewords in a linear block code are blocks of symbols that are encoded using more symbols than the original value to be sent. [2] A linear code of length n transmits blocks containing n symbols. For example, the [7,4,3] Hamming code is a linear binary code which represents 4-bit messages using 7-bit codewords. Two distinct codewords differ ...