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  2. History of Panama (to 1821) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Panama_(to_1821)

    After 1567 Panama was attached to the Viceroyalty of Peru but retained its own audiencia. [2] Beginning early in the 16th century, Nombre de Dios in Panama, Vera Cruz in Mexico, and Cartagena in Colombia were the only three ports in Spanish America authorized by the crown to trade with the homeland. By the mid-1560s, the system became ...

  3. History of Panama - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Panama

    Panama was part of the Spanish Empire for over 300 years (1513–1821) and its fate changed with the geopolitical importance of the isthmus to the Spanish crown. In the 16th and 17th centuries, at the height of the Empire, no other region would prove of more strategic and economic importance.

  4. History of Panama (1821–1903) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Panama_(1821...

    Panama would remain as a royalist stronghold and outpost until 1821 (the year of Panama's revolution against Spain). Panama City immediately initiated plans to declare independence, but the city of Los Santos preempted the move by proclaiming freedom from Spain on November 10, 1821. This act precipitated a meeting in Panama City on November 28 ...

  5. Independence of Panama from Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_of_Panama...

    Independence of Panama from Spain was accomplished through a bloodless revolt between 10 November 1821 and 28 November 1821. Seizing the opportunity, when the Spanish governor left Panama to march on rebellious Ecuadorians, José de Fábrega led a push for independence. Rebels in the small town of Villa de Los Santos made the first declaration ...

  6. Independence Act of Panama - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Act_of_Panama

    Independence Act of Panama, 1821. The Declaration of Independence of Panama (Acta de Independencia de Panamá) is the document through which Panama declared its independence from the Spanish Empire on November 28, 1821.

  7. Secession of Panama from Colombia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secession_of_Panama_from...

    The History of Panama. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33322-4. Johnson, Willis Fletcher (1906). Four Centuries of the Panama Canal. New York, New York: Henry Holt and Co. OCLC 576076780. Lafeber, Walter. The Panama Canal: The Crisis in Historical Perspective (3rd ed. 1990). McCullough, David (1977).

  8. Panama - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama

    Panama was under Spanish rule for almost 300 years (1538–1821), and became part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, along with all other Spanish possessions in South America. From the outset, Panamanian identity was based on a sense of "geographic destiny", and Panamanian fortunes fluctuated with the geopolitical importance of the isthmus.

  9. Timeline of Panama City - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Panama_City

    1821 - City becomes part of Gran Colombia. [1] 1826 - June: City hosts Panama Congress. [2] 1830 - City becomes part of Republic of New Granada. [5] 1849 - Panama Star English-language newspaper begins publication. [6] 1853 - La Estrella de Panamá newspaper in publication. [citation needed] 1855 - Panama Railway begins operating. [7]