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In such cases, the electron transfer is termed intermolecular electron transfer. A famous example of an inner sphere ET process that proceeds via a transitory bridged intermediate is the reduction of [CoCl(NH 3) 5] 2+ by [Cr(H 2 O) 6] 2+. [5] [6] In this case, the chloride ligand is the bridging ligand that covalently connects the redox ...
Redox conditions are measured according to the redox potential (E h) in volts, which represents the tendency for electrons to transfer from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. E h can be calculated using half reactions and the Nernst equation . [ 1 ]
Redox (/ ˈ r ɛ d ɒ k s / RED-oks, / ˈ r iː d ɒ k s / REE-doks, reduction–oxidation [2] or oxidation–reduction [3]: 150 ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. [4] Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a ...
An electron transport chain (ETC [1]) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H + ions) across a membrane.
In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation is a chemical thermodynamical relationship that permits the calculation of the reduction potential of a reaction (half-cell or full cell reaction) from the standard electrode potential, absolute temperature, the number of electrons involved in the redox reaction, and activities (often approximated by concentrations) of the chemical species undergoing ...
n = number of electrons transferred in the redox event (usually 1) A = electrode area in cm 2; F = Faraday constant in C mol −1; D = diffusion coefficient in cm 2 /s; C = concentration in mol/cm 3; ν = scan rate in V/s; R = Gas constant in J K −1 mol −1; T = temperature in K; The constant with a value of 2.69×10 5 has units of C mol − ...
The transfer of electrons from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule can be spatially separated into a series of intermediate redox reactions. This is an electron transport chain (ETC). Electron transport chains often produce energy in the form of a transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient.
The chain of redox reactions driving the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, from electron donors such as NADH to electron acceptors such as oxygen and hydrogen (protons), is an exergonic process – it releases energy, whereas the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process, which requires an input of energy.