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  2. Kaiser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizer

    Kaiser is the German title for emperor. In general, the German title in principle applies to rulers anywhere in the world above the rank of king ( König ). In English, the word kaiser is mainly applied to the emperors of the unified German Empire (1871–1918) and the emperors of the Austrian Empire (1804–1918).

  3. Tsar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar

    Tsar and its variants were the official titles in the First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018), Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1396), the Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1946), the Serbian Empire (1346–1371), and the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721). The first ruler to adopt the title tsar was Simeon I of Bulgaria. [6]

  4. Emperor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor

    This tradition continued in many languages: in German it became "Kaiser"; in certain Slavic languages it became "Tsar"; in Hungarian it became "Császár", and several more variants. The name derived from Julius Caesar 's cognomen "Caesar": this cognomen was adopted by all Roman emperors, exclusively by the ruling monarch after the Julio ...

  5. German Emperor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Emperor

    The German Emperor (German: Deutscher Kaiser, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈkaɪzɐ] ⓘ) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the German Empire.A specifically chosen term, it was introduced with the 1 January 1871 constitution and lasted until the abdication of Wilhelm II was announced on 9 November 1918.

  6. Tsar (disambiguation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_(disambiguation)

    Tsar, or tzar, csar, or czar, is a title used for monarchs or supreme rulers of Eastern Europe and Russia. Tsar , tzar , csar , or czar may also refer to: Czar (political term) , an informal title used for certain high-level officials in the US and UK

  7. Czar (political term) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czar_(political_term)

    Czar, sometimes spelled tsar, is an informal title used for certain high-level officials in the United States and United Kingdom, typically granted broad power to address a particular issue. The title is usually treated as gender-neutral although the technically correct Russian term for a female title holder would be czarina .

  8. List of German monarchs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs

    German kingdom (blue) in the Holy Roman Empire around 1000. This is a list of monarchs who ruled over East Francia, and the Kingdom of Germany (Latin: Regnum Teutonicum), from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the collapse of the German Empire in 1918:

  9. Knyaz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knyaz

    At the height of his power, Simeon adopted the title of tsar ("emperor"), as did the Bulgarian rulers after the country became officially independent in 1908. As of Bulgaria's independence in 1908, Knyaz Ferdinand became Tsar Ferdinand, and the words knyaz and knyaginya began to be used instead for the tsar's children – the heir to the throne ...