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Psychogeography is the exploration of urban environments that emphasizes interpersonal connections to places and arbitrary routes. It was developed by members of the Letterist International and Situationist International , which were revolutionary groups influenced by Marxist and anarchist theory as well as the attitudes and methods of Dadaists ...
The Image of the City is a 1960 book by American urban theorist Kevin Lynch. The book is the result of a five-year study of Boston, Jersey City and Los Angeles on how observers take in information of the city, and use it to make mental maps. Lynch's conclusion was that people formed mental maps of their surroundings consisting of five basic ...
Mental maps have also been used to describe the urban experience of children. In a 2008 study by Olga den Besten mental maps were used to map out the fears and dislikes of children in Berlin and Paris. The study looked into the absence of children in today's cities and the urban environment from a child's perspective of safety, stress and fear ...
Behavioral geography is an approach to human geography that examines human behavior by separating it into different parts. In addition, behavioral geography is an ideology/approach in human geography that makes use of the methods and assumptions of behaviorism to determine the cognitive processes involved in an individual's perception of or response and reaction to their environment.
Competition for land and urban resources led to spatial differentiation of urban space into zones. [7] Based on these assumptions, Park and Burgess created one of the earliest city models – Concentric ring theory first introduced in The City. Chicago and New York were typical examples of this modernist model.
Place identity or place-based identity refers to a cluster of ideas about place and identity in the fields of geography, urban planning, urban design, landscape architecture, interior design, spatial design, environmental psychology, ecocriticism and urban sociology/ecological sociology.
Georg Simmel studied the effect of the urban environment on the individuals living in cities, arguing in The Metropolis and Mental Life that the increase in human interaction affected relationships. [8] The activity and anonymity of the city led to a 'blasé attitude' with reservations and aloofness by urban denizens. [11]
Cultural geographers, anthropologists, sociologists and urban planners study why certain places hold special meaning to particular people or animals. [12] Places said to have a strong "sense of place" have a strong identity that is deeply felt by inhabitants and visitors. [13] [14] Sense of place is a social phenomenon. [15]