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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 23 December 2024. DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell This article is about the DNA molecule. For the genetic algorithm, see Chromosome (genetic algorithm). Chromosome (10 7 - 10 10 bp) DNA Gene (10 3 - 10 6 bp) Function A chromosome and its packaged long strand of DNA unraveled. The DNA's ...
HEXA gene (on chromosome 15) Canavan disease: 2.5% Eastern European Jewish ancestry ASPA gene (on chromosome 17) Familial dysautonomia: 600 known cases worldwide since discovery IKBKAP gene (on chromosome 9) Fragile X syndrome: 1.4:10000 in males, 0.9:10000 in females FMR1 gene (on X chromosome) Mucolipidosis type IV: 1:90 to 1:100 in Ashkenazi ...
Gene nomenclature was established by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), a committee of the Human Genome Organisation, for each known human gene in the form of an approved gene name and symbol (short-form abbreviation), which can be accessed through a database maintained by HGNC. Symbols are chosen to be unique, and each gene has only ...
Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome with approximately 220 million base pairs, and would be 85 mm long if straightened. [32] In eukaryotes, in addition to nuclear DNA, there is also mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which encodes certain proteins used by the mitochondria. The mtDNA is usually relatively small in comparison to the nuclear DNA.
•List of human protein-coding genes page 4 covers genes SLC17A8–ZZZ3 NB: Each list page contains 5000 human protein-coding genes, sorted alphanumerically by the HGNC -approved gene symbol. Follow the Python code link for information about updates to the list of genes on these pages.
The human Y chromosome is composed of about 62 million base pairs of DNA, making it similar in size to chromosome 19 and represents almost 2% of the total DNA in a male cell. [54] [55] The human Y chromosome carries 693 genes, 107 of which are protein-coding. [56]
And while the egg-laying and feathered body are pretty different from a human's, about 60 percent of chicken genes have a human gene counterpart. BI GRAPHICS_percentage of DNA humans share with ...
In this way new combinations of genes can occur in the offspring of a mating pair. Genes on the same chromosome would theoretically never recombine. However, they do, via the cellular process of chromosomal crossover. During crossover, chromosomes exchange stretches of DNA, effectively shuffling the gene alleles between the chromosomes. [70]