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  2. Right to a fair trial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_a_fair_trial

    A fair trial is a trial which is "conducted fairly, justly, and with procedural regularity by an impartial judge". [1] Various rights associated with a fair trial are explicitly proclaimed in Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, and Article 6 of the European Convention of Human ...

  3. Sumukan Ltd v Commonwealth Secretariat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumukan_Ltd_v_Commonwealth...

    Sumukan had argued that the internal rules of the Commonwealth Secretariat, which prevented appeal to the UK courts, combined with the Commonwealth Secretariat Act which granted immunity to the Commonwealth Secretariat was a violation of their Article 6 rights under the European Human Rights Act, namely the right to an independent and impartial ...

  4. Inquisitorial system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquisitorial_system

    An inquisitorial system is a legal system in which the court, or a part of the court, is actively involved in investigating the facts of the case.This is distinct from an adversarial system, in which the role of the court is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecution and the defense.

  5. Criminal jurisdiction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_jurisdiction

    The Sixth Amendment calls for trial “by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed.” Within the federal court system, Rule 18 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure specifies which federal court may hear a particular criminal case:

  6. Al Odah v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Odah_v._United_States

    This decision affirmed the jurisdiction of the U.S. court system over Guantanamo cases, as it ultimately had jurisdiction over the custodians of the detainees. It affirmed the right of detainees to challenge their detention before an impartial tribunal. Following this decision, the Court remanded the habeas petitions to lower courts for decisions.

  7. Judiciary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary

    The Supreme Court Building houses the Supreme Court of the United States, the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States.. The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.

  8. Judicial independence in Australia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_independence_in...

    Judicial independence is regarded as one of the foundation values of the Australian legal system, [1] such that the High Court held in 2004 that a court capable of exercising federal judicial power must be, and must appear to be, an independent and impartial tribunal. [2]

  9. Federal judiciary of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the...

    The United States courts of appeals are the intermediate federal appellate courts. [1] They operate under a system of mandatory review which means they must hear all appeals of right from the lower courts. In some cases, Congress has diverted appellate jurisdiction to specialized courts, such as the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of ...