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Another example is the distribution of the last digit of prime numbers. Except for 2 and 5, all prime numbers end in 1, 3, 7, or 9. Dirichlet's theorem states that asymptotically, 25% of all primes end in each of these four digits.
(For related results, see Prime number theorem § Prime number race.) In 1923, Hardy and Littlewood showed that the generalized Riemann hypothesis implies a weak form of the Goldbach conjecture for odd numbers: that every sufficiently large odd number is the sum of three primes, though in 1937 Vinogradov gave an unconditional proof.
The other prime numbers are not Gaussian primes, but each is the product of two conjugate Gaussian primes. A Gaussian integer a + bi is a Gaussian prime if and only if either: one of a, b is zero and the absolute value of the other is a prime number of the form 4n + 3 (with n a nonnegative integer), or
abc conjecture The abc conjecture says that for all ε > 0, there are only finitely many coprime positive integers a, b, and c satisfying a+b=c such that the product of the distinct prime factors of abc raised to the power of 1+ε is less than c. adele Adele ring algebraic number
Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions.German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics."
The fundamental theorem can be derived from Book VII, propositions 30, 31 and 32, and Book IX, proposition 14 of Euclid's Elements.. If two numbers by multiplying one another make some number, and any prime number measure the product, it will also measure one of the original numbers.
Pages in category "Conjectures about prime numbers" The following 34 pages are in this category, out of 34 total. ... Waring's prime number conjecture;
Erdős–Straus conjecture: number theory: Paul Erdős and Ernst G. Straus: 103 Farrell–Jones conjecture: geometric topology: F. Thomas Farrell and Lowell E. Jones: 545 Filling area conjecture: differential geometry: n/a: 60 Firoozbakht's conjecture: number theory: Farideh Firoozbakht: 33 Fortune's conjecture: number theory: Reo Fortune: 16 ...