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A whitespace character is a character data element that represents white space when text is rendered for display by a computer. For example, a space character (U+0020 SPACE, ASCII 32) represents blank space such as a word divider in a Western script. A printable character results in output when rendered, but a whitespace character does not ...
Comma- and space-separated formats often suffer from this problem, since in many contexts those characters are legitimate parts of a data field. Most such files avoid delimiter collision either by surrounding all data fields in double quotes, or only quoting those data fields that contain the delimiter character.
Thus, the current Stata release can always open datasets that were created with older versions, but older versions cannot read newer format datasets. Stata can read and write SAS XPORT format datasets natively, using the fdause and fdasave commands. Some other econometric applications, including gretl, can directly import Stata file formats.
A second common application of non-breaking spaces is in plain text file formats such as SGML, HTML, TeX and LaTeX, whose rendering engines are programmed to treat sequences of whitespace characters (space, newline, tab, form feed, etc.) as if they were a single character (but this behavior can be overridden).
This representation of an n-character string takes n + 1 space (1 for the terminator), and is thus an implicit data structure. In terminated strings, the terminating code is not an allowable character in any string. Strings with length field do not have this limitation and can also store arbitrary binary data.
In contrast, a character entity reference refers to a character by the name of an entity which has the desired character as its replacement text. The entity must either be predefined (built into the markup language) or explicitly declared in a Document Type Definition (DTD). The format is the same as for any entity reference: &name;
Replaces a variety of whitespace characters and HTML entities representing whitespace characters in string with plain ordinary spaces. This template is designed to be used in template construction to sanitize inputs to other templates or parser functions such as {{#time}} .
base-10 real values are represented as character strings in ISO 6093 format; binary real values are represented in a binary format that includes the mantissa, the base (2, 8, or 16), and the exponent; the special values NaN, -INF, +INF, and negative zero are also supported