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Oxycodone, sold under the brand name Roxicodone and OxyContin (which is the extended-release form) among others, is a semi-synthetic opioid used medically for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It is highly addictive [14] and is a commonly abused drug.
Long-term opioid use can cause opioid-induced hyperalgesia, which is a condition in which the patient has increased sensitivity to pain. [100] All of the opioids can cause side effects. [69] Common adverse reactions in patients taking opioids for pain relief include nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, itching, dry mouth, dizziness, and constipation.
Overdoses from opioids are highest among people between the ages of 40 and 50, [205] in contrast to heroin overdoses, which are highest among people between the ages of 20 and 30. [ 204 ] 21- to 35-year-olds represent 77% of people who enter treatment for opioid use disorder, [ 206 ] but the average age of first-time use of prescription ...
It can be difficult to apply research into OIH to average patients, because some research focused on people taking very high doses or in methadone rehabilitation programs. [ 38 ] Opioid-induced hyperalgesia has also been criticized as overdiagnosed among chronic pain patients, due to poor differential practice in distinguishing it from the much ...
The withdrawal from various opioid medications, including morphine, causes similar effects, most of which is caused by stimulation and over-stimulation of the central nervous system. [ 9 ] [ 7 ] The effects of morphine withdrawal can range from gastrointestinal disturbances to symptoms like tremors (involuntary shaking, most commonly in hands ...
Conversely, people with addiction to stimulants often have increased blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, decreased sleep and appetite. [43] Stimulants may cause anxiety and paranoia as well. [44] Addiction of benzodiazepines is diagnosed based on the withdrawal syndrome occurred after termination of regular use. [45]
CNN: Why is too much alcohol considered a health hazard? Dr. Leana Wen: There is abundant research showing that excessive drinking on a regular basis is associated with many chronic illnesses ...
An opioid overdose results from over-activation of these receptors, which can cause permanent brain damage from cerebral hypoxia or neurotoxicity. [ 33 ] [ 7 ] Mu receptors have an analgesic effect on the brain, and are found in various parts of the nervous system including the cerebral cortex and thalamus . [ 16 ]