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Potentially-malignant neoplasms include carcinoma in situ. They are localised, and do not invade and destroy but in time, may transform into cancer. Malignant neoplasms are commonly called cancer. They invade and destroy the surrounding tissue, may form metastases and, if untreated or unresponsive to treatment, will generally prove fatal.
Malignancy, malignant neoplasm and malignant tumor are synonymous with cancer; Malignant ascites; Malignant transformation; Non-oncologic disorders referred to as "malignant" include: Malignant hypertension; Malignant hyperthermia; Malignant otitis externa; Malignant tertian malaria (malaria caused specifically by Plasmodium falciparum)
[2] [7] They form a subset of neoplasms. A neoplasm or tumor is a group of cells that have undergone unregulated growth and will often form a mass or lump, but may be distributed diffusely. [27] [28] All tumor cells show the six hallmarks of cancer. These characteristics are required to produce a malignant tumor. They include: [29]
Hematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms ("cancer"), and they are generally treated by specialists in hematology and/or oncology. In some centers "hematology/oncology" is a single subspecialty of internal medicine while in others they are considered separate divisions (there are also surgical and radiation oncologists).
Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. [1] Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal, mesodermal [2] or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis.
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a group of abnormal cells. [1] [2] While they are a form of neoplasm, [3] there is disagreement over whether CIS should be classified as cancer.This controversy also depends on the exact CIS in question (e.g., cervical, skin, breast).
Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung. Lung cancer is caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often caused by cigarette smoking or inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged airway cells gain the ability to multiply unchecked, causing the growth of a tumor.
Thyroid neoplasm is a neoplasm or tumor of the thyroid. It can be a benign tumor such as thyroid adenoma, [1] or it can be a malignant neoplasm (thyroid cancer), such as papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer. [2] Most patients are 25 to 65 years of age when first diagnosed; women are more affected than men.