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In database theory, a relation, as originally defined by E. F. Codd, [1] is a set of tuples (d 1,d 2,...,d n), where each element d j is a member of D j, a data domain. Codd's original definition notwithstanding, and contrary to the usual definition in mathematics, there is no ordering to the elements of the tuples of a relation.
Board Established City Website Refs Catholic Board of Education, Pakistan: 1961 Karachi [47] Lahore [48] [49] Diocesan board of education, Pakistan 1960 Islamabad, Rawalpindi [50] [51] Presbyterian Education Board Pakistan Lahore, Punjab
Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board was established in 1962 as West Pakistan Textbook Board. [3] Its functions are curriculum development, implementation of educational policies of the Government, publication of textbooks and production of supplementary reading material relating to textbooks. [4]
A relational database (RDB [1]) is a database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. [ 2 ] A database management system used to maintain relational databases is a relational database management system ( RDBMS ).
The relational model (RM) is an approach to managing data using a structure and language consistent with first-order predicate logic, first described in 1969 by English computer scientist Edgar F. Codd, [1] [2] where all data are represented in terms of tuples, grouped into relations.
The database schema is the structure of a database described in a formal language supported typically by a relational database management system (RDBMS). The term " schema " refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases ).
Codd's twelve rules [1] are a set of thirteen rules (numbered zero to twelve) proposed by Edgar F. Codd, a pioneer of the relational model for databases, designed to define what is required from a database management system in order for it to be considered relational, i.e., a relational database management system (RDBMS).
Since Pakistan emerged on the map of the world in 1947, the examinations of the matriculation and intermediate level were conducted under the aegis of University of the Punjab. However, through the promulgation of the Punjab University Act (Amendment) Ordinance 1954, the Board of Secondary Education, Punjab was established in the province which ...